Grand Canyon Flora: Upper Bright Angel, S. Kaibab and Grandview Trails
Introduction
Survey Work
Voucher Data
Voucher Additions to the 2005 Grand Canyon Checklist
Numerology of the Checklist
Checklist
Acknowledgments
Introduction This checklist gives a list of all the species seen on the Bright Angel, S. Kaibab and Grandview Trails, as well as species vouchered above 3800 feet elevation for each trail, corresponding to the elevation of Indian Gardens on the Bright Angel Trail at the Tonto Platform. A small number of additional species have been added from other references, such as being mentioned as occurring on one of these trails in the Phillips et al 1987 Grand Canyon Flora.
This checklist should be considered just a starting point for the flora of this area, for at least two reasons. First, there is much more survey work to be done on these trails by us. Second, as far as we know, this is the first attempt to gather the voucher information for these trails. Because many vouchers have poor locality descriptions, some of the vouchers used for this analysis may have been taken outside our target area, and some of the vouchers not used for this analysis may have been taken within our target area. With time, the list should grow more complete and accurate.
Survey Work See the individual Plant Trail Guides for survey information and for a list of these species in order encountered along the trail:
- Plant Guide to Bright Angel Trail, surveys done by Tom Chester, Anne Kelly, Kate Watters, Lauren Berutich and Brendan Crill on 5 and 6 September 2007; 4 and 5 May 2008; 22 August 2008; and 24 April 2009.
- Plant Guide to South Kaibab Trail, surveys done by Tom Chester, Anne Kelly, Arnie Peterson, Ash Bedford, Dave Stith and Brendan Crill on 23 August 2008; 25 and 26 April 2009; and 23 June 2012.
- Plant Guide to Grandview Trail, a single survey done by Tom Chester, Anne Kelly and Dave Stith on 24 June 2012.
Voucher Data Voucher Collection
The voucher data were put together by Tom.
Vouchers were obtained through SEINet searches for the trail names on 20 June 2012 (Grandview Trail) and on 10 July 2012 for the other two trails, among vouchers from Coconino County in Arizona. The locality and elevation fields were then examined to eliminate vouchers that were clearly not from the target area.
Many vouchers have only Kaibab Trail as their locality. Because we emphasized reliability here, we eliminated all vouchers that did not clearly refer to the S. Kaibab Trail, since most vouchers with the words Kaibab Trail in their locality are from north of the Colorado River. Only 112 vouchers refer to the south trail; 591 refer to the north trail; and 147 do not state north or south trail. We accepted only those 112 vouchers that were clearly from the S. Kaibab Trail.
A locality of Bright Angel Trail can also be ambiguous, since the N. Kaibab Trail was known as the Bright Angel Trail earlier, for the excellent reason that it is in Bright Angel Canyon. An earlier version of the N. Kaibab Trail is now known as the Old Bright Angel Trail, a currently-used trail distinct from the current N. Kaibab Trail. Thus vouchers that referred to the Old Bright Angel Trail were tossed, as were any vouchers that had enough locality information to indicate they were from north of the Colorado River.
However, since most vouchers with Bright Angel Trail in their locality refer to the usual south rim trail, we kept all vouchers with a locality that just said Bright Angel Trail. Some of them may ultimately turn out not to be from our target area.
The georeferenced latitude and longitude coordinate fields were not used in any way, since most vouchers do not have enough information to produce good georeferenced coordinates. Even some vouchers clearly from the North Rim are georeferenced with Grand Canyon Village locations on the south rim.
The numbers of vouchers accepted and rejected are given in Table 1.
Table 1. Number of Vouchers Accepted As Being in Our Target Area and Eliminated For Each Trail
Category Bright Angel S. Kaibab Grandview All Three Trails # Vouchers Accepted 457 112 64 633 # Vouchers Eliminated 209 738 0 947 Top Collectors
The top collectors for the accepted vouchers for each trail are given in Table 2.
Table 2. Top Voucher Collectors
Bright Angel S. Kaibab Grandview All Three Trails #V Collector #V Collector #V Collector #V Collector 85 J.J. Thornber 38 Rose E. Collom 19 M. Koopman 93 Rose E. Collom 58 R.A. Darrow 24 Wendy C. Hodgson 16 Glenn Rink 88 Wendy C. Hodgson 55 Wendy C. Hodgson 7 Harold and Virginia Bailey 10 Nancy J. Brian 85 J.J. Thornber 55 Rose E. Collom 6 B. Lennart Johnson 9 Wendy C. Hodgson 58 R.A. Darrow The top four collectors were responsible for 324 vouchers out of the total of 633 accepted for this area, 51% of the total. Among the other collectors that made this voucher flora possible is the famous botanist Alice Eastwood, who collected 31 vouchers from the Bright Angel Trail.
Assembling the Voucher Species List
Older taxon names on vouchers were updated as far as possible to current names. We mostly used the names on the 2005 Grand Canyon Checklist, which means that, for example, vouchers determined as Castilleja angustifolia are listed in the checklist under Castilleja applegatei ssp. martinii, even though these are now separate taxa in the Jepson Manual Second Edition treatment.
Some voucher determinations were not accepted for this checklist since other sources indicated that these taxa probably did not occur in this area. Eliminating those determinations may not be correct. Those taxa are listed in Table 3, along with the reason for their rejection. If anyone has information that any of these taxa are correctly determined and are present in our target area, please let us know.
Once the voucher list was assembled, species with a Phillips et al 1987 maximum elevation below 3800 feet were examined further, and if there was no evidence from any voucher anywhere in the Grand Canyon that the species occurred above those elevations, it was eliminated.
Table 3. Voucher Determinations Not Accepted For This Checklist
Determination Reason For Rejection Amelanchier elliptica This name is not present in USDA Plants, either as a direct entry or a synonym. Cryptantha cinerea var. abortiva This variety is not listed for Arizona in USDA Plants, or in any Arizona flora. Galium multiflorum This species is not given in the latest Arizona flora treatment, and is very similar to G. munzii. Glossopetalon spinescens var. microphyllum Kearney and Peebles give this variety only to the south of the Grand Canyon. Perityle ciliata Oddly, this voucher determined as Perityle ciliata was determined by the Flora of North America author who stated that this species is known only from central and southern Arizona!
Voucher Additions to the 2005 Grand Canyon Checklist The following taxa were not present in the 2005 Grand Canyon Checklist, but were accepted for our checklist from vouchers or, for Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. formosissima, from the latest Arizona Flora:
Achnatherum scribneri X A. hymenoides
Astragalus nuttallianus var. imperfectus
Chorisiva nevadensis
Eriogonum heermannii ssp. argense
Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. formosissima
Isocoma acradenia var. eremophila
Leymus cinereus
Leymus salinus ssp. mojavensis
Mentzelia montana
Mirabilis albida
Opuntia polyacantha var. nicholii
Numerology of the Checklist A total of 369 taxa are given in the checklist below. Of those 369 taxa:
- 189 taxa have been observed on at least one of these trails. Of those 189 taxa, 120 (63%) are vouchered from at least one of these trails. All, or nearly all, of the other 69 taxa almost surely have vouchers from elsewhere in the Grand Canyon, since their names were in the 2005 Grand Canyon Checklist, but we have not yet explicitly searched to make sure this is the case.
It is not surprising at all to find taxa in the field that are not vouchered on a given trail, since checklists made for small areas from vouchers are always incomplete unless someone has made special effort to document all taxa in those small areas.
- 148 taxa are vouchered and have not yet been seen by us on any of these trails.
There are at least three reasons that we might not have seen these vouchered taxa:
- We have not yet covered all the area that has been searched for vouchers;
- Some of these vouchers might actually be from the N. Kaibab Trail (see below); and
- Some of these vouchers may be misdetermined.
Analysis of the maximum elevations for the species on this list shows that the first reason is the most important. Most of the non-observed taxa are from elevations that we have not or only partly surveyed. See percentage of observed taxa vs. the maximum elevation for the species on this checklist. The linked plot shows that we observed ~70% of the species on this list with a maximum elevation of 7000 feet or higher, but only ~30% of the species on this list with a maximum elevation of 4000 to 5000 feet.
The lowest elevation surveyed was ~4400 feet on the Bright Angel Trail; ~5100 feet on the S. Kaibab Trail; and ~6000 feet on the Grandview Trail, compared to the lower elevation limit of 3800 feet for vouchers. Some of the vouchers are undoubtedly of species found below 3800 feet on one of these trails, but which was accepted here because the voucher had no elevation information and the species had at least one voucher above 3800 feet someplace in the entire Grand Canyon.
A possible voucher misdetermination is the one for Juniperus monosperma from 6700 feet elevation near the top of the Bright Angel Trail, collected in 1928 and probably determined only at that time. We've only observed J. osteosperma there, and vouchers of J. osteosperma from the upper canyon in this area greatly outnumber vouchers of J. monosperma. Vouchers of these two species might be hard to distinguish, since they overlap in berry size. Of course, it is possible that both species are present there, and we have missed observing J. monosperma so far.
- 32 taxa were reported as being on one of these trails from other sources such as Phillips et al 1987 Grand Canyon Flora, and have not been observed nor vouchered.
Table 4 gives a breakdown of the taxa in the Checklist by Trail and by source.
Table 4. Number of Taxa For Each Trail by Source
Category Bright Angel S. Kaibab Grandview All Three Trails Observed 130 132 89 189 From Vouchers, not observed 135 38 18 148 Other 35 15 0 32 All 300 185 107 369 Note that the Bright Angel Trail and S. Kaibab Trail have similar numbers of taxa from our surveys. The number of taxa from the Grandview Trail is consistent with those numbers, given its significantly less coverage so far in our surveys.
It is interesting that the total number of observed species from either or both of the Bright Angel Trail and S. Kaibab Trail scales almost exactly as expected from the usual species - area relationship with an exponent of 0.37 by doubling the covered area. That total number of 174 is 30% more than the number of observed species from a single one of these trails; see the plot % increase in species with extra distance on Number Of Taxa Vs. Distance Along A Trail.
In contrast, the overwhelmingly-larger number of taxa only from vouchers from the Bright Angel Trail is evident. Although this number is inflated by our acceptance of vouchers without elevation information that may have been taken from elevations below our cutoff of 3800 feet, it attests to the tremendous concentration of botanists collecting on this world-famous trail.
Checklist The checklist is in the traditional order of ferns and fern allies; conifers; dicots, and monocots, with names mostly as in the 2005 Grand Canyon Checklist.
The column Famil. gives the first five letters in the family name.
The Scientific Name is linked to the SEINet page on each taxon (a few are not linked yet), which will open in a new window.
The common name is linked to pictures of each species when available (not yet done; some common names still need to be added). An asterisk before the common name indicates a non-native species.
The column #Plants / V gives estimates of the minimum abundance for each species, up to a maximum of 99 plants, for those species we have observed on each trail. Species found only off-trail, and those species for which we have not made an abundance estimate so far in a given plant trail guide, have been arbitrarily given a minimum number of one.
An example of the distinction between an on-trail species abundance and a total area abundance is given by Agave utahensis var. kaibabensis. From many places along a trail, one can see tens to hundreds of flower stalks in the general area. However, of all those plants, there may be only a handful that are close to the trail. The on-trail abundance would only be those few that can be easily touched from near the trail.
If we have not observed a species on a given trail, but there is a voucher of it from that trail, that column contains a V. The column BA is the Bright Angel Trail; SK the S. Kaibab Trail; and GV the Grandview Trail.
The column #V gives the total number of vouchers from these three trails. Note that we have not examined any of these vouchers, and hence we make no claim for their accuracy. Vouchers are sometimes misdetermined, just like some of our determinations from the field might be in error.
Species with no entries in either the #Pls and #V have been added from other references as mentioned above.
The column Max Elev. gives the maximum elevation for each species from anyplace in the Grand Canyon, as reported in the Phillips et al 1987 Grand Canyon Flora, augmented by elevations from vouchers. One should be aware that voucher-reported elevations are often in error, or quite uncertain.
Version for printing, without lines and other text on this page: html (11 pages) or pdf Clickbook booklet (3 double-sided pages). (See printing instructions for an explanation of these options)
# Famil. Scientific Name (*)Common Name # Plants / V #V Max.
Elev.
(feet)BA SK GV 1 Dryop Cystopteris fragilis brittle bladder fern 8500 2 Dryop Woodsia neomexicana V 3 6300 3 Dryop Woodsia oregana Oregon cliff fern V 1 8300 4 Equis Equisetum hyemale V 1 8100 5 Equis Equisetum X ferrissii V 1 5200 6 Pteri Adiantum capillus-veneris maidenhair fern V 1 6800 7 Pteri Cheilanthes feei slender lipfern V 2 1 7200 8 Pteri Pellaea truncata cliff brake V 3 5000 9 Selag Selaginella mutica spike-moss 1 10 99 7 6000 10 Selag Selaginella underwoodii V 1 7200 11 Cupre Juniperus monosperma V 1 5500 12 Cupre Juniperus osteosperma Utah juniper 20 20 5 7800 13 Cupre Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain juniper 8500 14 Ephed Ephedra torreyana V 2 6000 15 Ephed Ephedra viridis green ephedra 50 50 20 2 7700 16 Pinac Pinus edulis two-needle pinyon pine 50 50 50 7700 17 Pinac Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine 1 8000 18 Pinac Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir 10 5 5 9150 19 Acera Acer negundo var. californicum box elder 7900 20 Amara Amaranthus albus *tumble pigweed 5 4500 21 Amara Amaranthus powellii Powell's amaranth 20 7200 22 Anaca Rhus aromatica var. trilobata skunkbush 20 1 2 3 6500 23 Apiac Aletes macdougalii ssp. macdougalii MacDougal's Indian parsley V 99 1 8600 24 Apiac Cymopterus purpurascens purple cymopterus V 1 7000 25 Apiac Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. macdougalii 8000 26 Apiac Pseudocymopterus montanus V 1 9000 27 Apiac Pteryxia petraea rockloving wavewing 5 1 7200 28 Apocy Apocynum cannabinum Indian hemp V 1 6650 29 Ascle Asclepias asperula V 1 8200 30 Ascle Asclepias latifolia V 1 6400 31 Ascle Asclepias subverticillata 6800 32 Aster Acourtia wrightii brownfoot V 3 4 6000 33 Aster Ageratina herbacea fragrant snakeroot 30 5 2 8500 34 Aster Ambrosia eriocentra woolly bur-sage 1 5000 35 Aster Artemisia bigelovii Bigelow sagebrush 1 7850 36 Aster Artemisia dracunculus wild tarragon V 1 8800 37 Aster Artemisia ludoviciana silver wormwood 99 99 50 1 5500 38 Aster Artemisia nova black sagebrush V 1 2 8000 39 Aster Artemisia tridentata big sagebrush 30 99 1 2 8000 40 Aster Brickellia atractyloides spiny brickellbush V 2 5500 41 Aster Brickellia californica California brickellbush 99 30 15 1 7100 42 Aster Brickellia longifolia longleaf brickellbush 99 40 5 4800 43 Aster Chaenactis douglasii hoary chaenactis V 1 8200 44 Aster Chaetopappa ericoides rose heath 1 1 1 7000 45 Aster Chrysothamnus greenei Greene's rabbitbrush V 3 7000 46 Aster Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus sticky-leaved rabbitbrush V V 2 6500 47 Aster Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus ssp. axillaris sticky-leaved rabbitbrush 6000 48 Aster Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus ssp. lanceolatus 6500 49 Aster Cirsium arizonicum var. nidulum Arizona thistle 30 70 50 5 8200 50 Aster Crepis intermedia V 3 8200 51 Aster Encelia frutescens button encelia V 1 4500 52 Aster Encelia resinifera ssp. resinifera resin brittlebush 20 5600 53 Aster Ericameria arizonica Grand Canyon Goldenweed 20 30 6 7500 54 Aster Ericameria nauseosa var. juncea rush rabbitbrush 1 4 1 1 5000 55 Aster Ericameria nauseosa var. oreophila threadleaf common rabbitbrush 50 50 4 7200 56 Aster Erigeron concinnus tidy fleabane 50 7 2 7600 57 Aster Erigeron divergens spreading fleabane V 99 1 8450 58 Aster Erigeron eatonii Eaton's fleabane 5 3 8200 59 Aster Erigeron utahensis Utah fleabane V 1 5590 60 Aster Eurybia glauca Gray’s aster V 4 3800 61 Aster Eurybia pulchra beautiful aster 99 40 22 1 7700 62 Aster Gutierrezia microcephala sticky snakeweed 10 99 V 2 7000 63 Aster Gutierrezia sarothrae matchweed 20 5 5 2 8000 64 Aster Hesperodoria salicina willow glowweed V 2 4700 65 Aster Hesperodoria scopulorum Grand Canyon glowweed 20 6700 66 Aster Heterotheca villosa hairy goldenaster 40 40 1 8600 67 Aster Hymenoxys cooperi Cooper’s rubberweed 5 10 1 3 7500 68 Aster Machaeranthera canescens hoary-aster 50 50 99 8000 69 Aster Malacothrix clevelandii annual malacothrix 4000 70 Aster Packera multilobata Basin butterweed 3 20 10 2 9000 71 Aster Parthenium incanum V 1 5600 72 Aster Perityle congesta Grand Canyon rock-daisy 50 50 99 4 9000 73 Aster Petradoria pumila Rock Goldenrod V 20 1 7900 74 Aster Psilostrophe sparsiflora greenstem paperflower 5 50 5 7000 75 Aster Rafinesquia neomexicana desert chicory V 1 4200 76 Aster Solidago canadensis var. scabra V 2 8500 77 Aster Solidago missouriensis Missouri goldenrod 1 7500 78 Aster Solidago velutina V 1 8300 79 Aster Stephanomeria minor var. minor narrow-leaved wire-lettuce V 1 7900 80 Aster Stephanomeria pauciflora wire-lettuce 1 2 1 7900 81 Aster Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. hesperium V 1 8220 82 Aster Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica Arizona hymenoxys V 1 40 1 7900 83 Aster Thymophylla pentachaeta fiveneedle pricklyleaf V 1 1 4850 84 Aster Trixis californica V V 2 4500 85 Aster Uropappus lindleyi V 1 4600 86 Aster Xylorhiza tortifolia Mojave woodyaster 20 V 3 5000 87 Berbe Mahonia fremontii Fremont barberry 10 1 4 6500 88 Berbe Mahonia repens creeping barberry 20 15 2 8000 89 Betul Ostrya knowltonii Knowlton hop hornbeam 30 1 4 9 7200 90 Borag Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia V 1 7000 91 Borag Cryptantha abata dentnut cryptantha 15 7000 92 Borag Cryptantha barbigera bearded cryptantha V 1 4000 93 Borag Cryptantha capitata capitate cryptantha 1 V 2 6000 94 Borag Cryptantha cinerea var. cinerea V 2 7000 95 Borag Cryptantha cinerea var. jamesii 7000 96 Borag Cryptantha fendleri Fendlers cryptantha 7200 97 Borag Cryptantha gracilis slender cryptantha 20 40 1 7400 98 Borag Cryptantha pterocarya wing-nut cryptantha 1 2 5600 99 Borag Cryptantha racemosa bushy cryptantha V 6 4800 100 Borag Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis flatspine stickseed 30 8400 101 Borag Tiquilia latior V 2 5500 102 Brass Arabis perennans perennial rock-cress 40 50 30 3 9000 103 Brass Arabis pulchra var. pallens 5600 104 Brass Capsella bursa-pastoris *shepherd's purse 10 1 1 7000 105 Brass Cardaria draba *whitetop 20 6800 106 Brass Chorispora tenella *crossflower 99 99 7 3840 107 Brass Descurainia pinnata western tansy-mustard V 4 7000 108 Brass Descurainia sophia *herb sophia 99 99 50 1 7500 109 Brass Erysimum capitatum var. purshii wallflower 5 8400 110 Brass Erysimum repandum * V 1 6800 111 Brass Lepidium densiflorum common pepper-grass 5 10 2 8000 112 Brass Lepidium lasiocarpum var. lasiocarpum hairy-podded pepper-grass 20 5 6800 113 Brass Lepidium montanum mountain pepper-grass 30 20 1 7600 114 Brass Lepidium perfoliatum *Klamath pepper-grass 2 7400 115 Brass Lesquerella purpurea rose bladderpod 30 5 3 4000 116 Brass Malcolmia africana *African mustard 20 5800 117 Brass Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum *water cress V 3 7200 118 Brass Sisymbrium altissimum *tumble-mustard V 1 7500 119 Brass Sisymbrium irio *London rocket 10 7300 120 Brass Stanleya pinnata prince's plume V 40 3 5400 121 Brass Streptanthella longirostris longbeak streptanthella 4200 122 Brass Streptanthus cordatus heartleaf jewelflower 30 3 6000 123 Brass Thelypodium integrifolium entire-leaved thelypodium V V 3 5200 124 Brass Thelypodium wrightii Wright's thelypody 10 30 20 2 6800 125 Brass Thlaspi montanum var. fendleri wild candytuft 8 1 8900 126 Brass Thlaspi montanum var. montanum wild candytuft V V 2 8000 127 Cacta Echinocactus polycephalus var. xeranthemoides many-headed barrel cactus 1 4800 128 Cacta Echinocereus engelmannii Engelmann's hedgehog cactus 1 4800 129 Cacta Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. mojavensis claret cup 1 2 7900 130 Cacta Ferocactus cylindraceus California barrel cactus 1 3000 131 Cacta Opuntia basilaris beavertail cactus V 1 4800 132 Cacta Opuntia chlorotica pancake prickly-pear V 1 4000 133 Cacta Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii Engelmann prickly-pear V 1 4200 134 Cacta Opuntia erinacea Mojave prickly-pear 3 3 10 1 7900 135 Cacta Opuntia phaeacantha desert prickly-pear V 7 5 1 7900 136 Cacta Opuntia polyacantha var. nicholii Navajo Bridge prickly-pear V V 5 6000 137 Campa Lobelia cardinalis V 1 4500 138 Campa Nemacladus glanduliferus glandular nemacladus 4000 139 Capri Sambucus glauca blueberry elder 1 1 8200 140 Capri Symphoricarpos longiflorus desert snowberry V 2 7800 141 Capri Symphoricarpos oreophilus snowberry 99 30 8200 142 Capri Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. parishii Parish's snowberry V 99 1 8400 143 Caryo Arenaria eastwoodiae Eastwood's sandwort 5 7900 144 Caryo Silene rectiramea Grand Canyon campion 50 4 6800 145 Cheno Atriplex canescens fourwing saltbush 1 30 2 7100 146 Cheno Atriplex rosea *tumbling oracle 40 2 1 6850 147 Cheno Chenopodium fremontii Fremont's goosefoot 20 50 5 8000 148 Cheno Salsola tragus *Russian thistle 20 5 7000 149 Cross Glossopetalon spinescens var. aridum spiny greasebush 20 50 40 11 6550 150 Erica Phyllodoce empetriformis 5600 151 Eupho Bernardia incana western bernardia 3 V 3 5500 152 Eupho Chamaesyce arizonica V 2 4000 153 Eupho Chamaesyce polycarpa small-seeded spurge 10 4900 154 Eupho Chamaesyce revoluta V 2 5000 155 Fabac Acacia greggii catclaw V 1 4800 156 Fabac Astragalus amphioxys Crescent milkvetch V 1 7400 157 Fabac Astragalus calycosus Torrey's milkvetch 10 50 1 8000 158 Fabac Astragalus lentiginosus var. diphysus freckled milk-vetch 1 50 1 7600 159 Fabac Astragalus lentiginosus var. palans freckled milk-vetch V 1 4000 160 Fabac Astragalus mokiacensis 7600 161 Fabac Astragalus newberryi V 1 6800 162 Fabac Astragalus nuttallianus var. imperfectus V 1 5800 163 Fabac Cercis orbiculata western redbud 1 9 5200 164 Fabac Lathyrus brachycalyx ssp. zionis bush peavine 2 99 4 7000 165 Fabac Lathyrus graminifolius grassleaf peavine V 5 7000 166 Fabac Melilotus officinalis *yellow sweetclover 8 8500 167 Fabac Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana honey mesquite 3900 168 Fagac Quercus gambelii Gambel oak 50 5 99 4 7200 169 Fagac Quercus turbinella shrub live oak 10 1 8000 170 Fumar Corydalis aurea scrambled eggs 5 4 8000 171 Garry Garrya flavescens ashy silk tassel V 1 1 7800 172 Garry Garrya wrightii Wright's silktassel 10 1 6600 173 Genti Frasera albomarginata white-margined green-gentian V 1 7000 174 Geran Erodium cicutarium *redstem filaree 99 7600 175 Geran Erodium texanum Texas filaree V 1 4000 176 Gross Ribes cereum var. pedicellare whisky currant 99 20 4 2 8000 177 Gross Ribes leptanthum trumpet gooseberry 50 2 3 8200 178 Gross Ribes velutinum desert gooseberry 99 5 3 7900 179 Hydra Fendlera rupicola Fendler bush 40 10 10 6 8200 180 Hydra Fendlerella utahensis Utah fendlerbush V 1 2 8 7900 181 Hydra Philadelphus microphyllus little-leaf mock orange V 1 2 1 8000 182 Hydro Eucrypta micrantha desert eucrypta V V 3 5200 183 Hydro Phacelia affinis limestone phacelia V 1 6300 184 Hydro Phacelia crenulata heliotrope phacelia V V 2 5000 185 Hydro Phacelia crenulata var. ambigua heliotrope phacelia V 2 6400 186 Hydro Phacelia crenulata var. corrugata V V 3 7000 187 Hydro Phacelia cryptantha limestone phacelia V 2 5000 188 Hydro Phacelia filiformis narrow phacelia 20 5 3 8000 189 Hydro Phacelia glechomifolia pennyroyal leaf phacelia V V 3 4800 190 Hydro Phacelia laxiflora V 4 5500 191 Hydro Phacelia pulchella 4600 192 Hydro Phacelia rotundifolia round-leafed phacelia V 1 5600 193 Lamia Hedeoma drummondii Drummond's false pennyroyal 1 1 1 7600 194 Lamia Hedeoma nana ssp. nana dwarf false pennyroyal 1 5600 195 Lamia Marrubium vulgare *horehound 20 3 6800 196 Lamia Nepeta cataria *catnip 20 3 6800 197 Lamia Salvia dorrii blue sage 10 5500 198 Lamia Salvia dorrii var. dorrii blue sage V 2 5500 199 Linac Linum lewisii var. lewisii Lewis' flax V 1 99 1 9000 200 Loasa Mentzelia albicaulis white-stemmed blazing star V 2 7000 201 Loasa Mentzelia cronquistii V 2 6600 202 Loasa Mentzelia montana V 2 7200 203 Loasa Mentzelia multiflora Adonis blazing star 40 7000 204 Malva Malva neglecta *common mallow 10 1 8500 205 Malva Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia gooseberryleaf globemallow 50 30 3 7000 206 Malva Sphaeralcea parvifolia littleleaf globe mallow 30 30 1 7000 207 Malva Sphaeralcea rusbyi V 1 4000 208 Nycta Abronia nana dwarf sand verbena 5 1 4800 209 Nycta Boerhavia intermedia fivewing spiderling V 1 4500 210 Nycta Mirabilis albida V 1 7900 211 Nycta Mirabilis multiflora giant four o'clock 20 20 5 6000 212 Nycta Mirabilis oxybaphoides smooth spreading four o'clock 50 1 7000 213 Oleac Fraxinus anomala single-leaf ash 10 3 V 3 7250 214 Oleac Fraxinus cuspidata fragrant ash 30 1 9 7500 215 Onagr Camissonia chamaenerioides long-fruit suncup V 1 4000 216 Onagr Camissonia multijuga V V 4 4200 217 Onagr Camissonia specuicola ssp. specuicola V 2 5400 218 Onagr Camissonia walkeri ssp. walkeri V 1 3800 219 Onagr Oenothera albicaulis V 1 4600 220 Onagr Oenothera longissima long evening-primrose V 1 8500 221 Papav Argemone arizonica Roaring Springs prickly-poppy 1 4 5500 222 Papav Argemone munita prickly poppy V 1 7200 223 Plant Plantago patagonica Patagonia plantain V 2 7000 224 Polem Gilia flavocincta V 1 7100 225 Polem Gilia ophthalmoides eyed gilia 2 5 6500 226 Polem Gilia scopulorum rock gilia V 2 3800 227 Polem Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. formosissima scarlet gilia 1 10 8300 228 Polem Leptodactylon pungens granite prickly phlox V 2 7400 229 Polem Phlox austromontana southern mountain phlox 10 30 30 3 8200 230 Polem Phlox longifolia longleaf phlox V 1 7200 231 Polem Phlox viridis ssp. longipes V 3 7200 232 Polyg Eriogonum cernuum V V 4 6900 233 Polyg Eriogonum heermannii ssp. argense V 1 5500 234 Polyg Eriogonum inflatum desert trumpet 3 20 4200 235 Polyg Eriogonum microthecum var. laxiflorum loose-flowered buckwheat 7300 236 Polyg Eriogonum microthecum var. simpsonii Simpson's buckwheat 50 50 10 1 8800 237 Polyg Polygonum arenastrum *knotweed 2 8500 238 Polyg Rumex acetosella *common sheep sorrel V 1 9000 239 Portu Claytonia parviflora ssp. utahensis narrow-leaved miner's lettuce 99 2 5500 240 Portu Claytonia perfoliata miner's lettuce V 1 5500 241 Portu Portulaca oleracea common purslane V 1 6000 242 Primu Androsace occidentalis V 1 7000 243 Primu Primula specuicola V 1 7600 244 Ranun Anemone tuberosa tuber anemone V 1 5700 245 Ranun Aquilegia chrysantha V 2 8000 246 Ranun Ceratocephala testiculata *curveseed butterwort 99 99 3 6800 247 Ranun Clematis ligusticifolia virgin's bower 2 1 7900 248 Ranun Delphinium scaposum barestem larkspur 10 20 3 7000 249 Ranun Myosurus cupulatus desert mouse-tail V 1 6000 250 Ranun Thalictrum fendleri Fendler's meadow-rue 10 1 3 8500 251 Rhamn Frangula betulifolia ssp. obovata birchleaf buckthorn 2 1 1 5 6500 252 Rosac Amelanchier pumila V 1 7680 253 Rosac Amelanchier utahensis Utah service-berry 99 50 99 12 9500 254 Rosac Cercocarpus intricatus little-leaved mountain-mahogany 3 V 2 7800 255 Rosac Cercocarpus ledifolius curl-leaf mountain-mahogany 10 8800 256 Rosac Cercocarpus montanus true mountain-mahogany 50 3 2 7000 257 Rosac Chamaebatiaria millefolium fern bush 10 1 7700 258 Rosac Coleogyne ramosissima black brush V 50 4 5600 259 Rosac Fallugia paradoxa Apache plume 1 10 2 7200 260 Rosac Holodiscus dumosus shrubby cream bush 10 1 2 8200 261 Rosac Ivesia arizonica rock whitefeather 10 1 1 7900 262 Rosac Petrophyton caespitosum rock spiraea V 5 7800 263 Rosac Prunus fasciculata desert almond 6200 264 Rosac Prunus virginiana V 1 8200 265 Rosac Purshia stansburiana cliffrose 20 40 4 2 8000 266 Rosac Rosa woodsii var. ultramontana interior rose 8500 267 Rosac Rubus discolor *Himalaya blackberry V 2 4000 268 Rubia Galium aparine *common bedstraw V 1 8000 269 Rubia Galium munzii ssp. ambivalens Munz's bedstraw 40 30 99 4 8200 270 Rubia Galium munzii ssp. munzii Munz's bedstraw 5200 271 Rubia Galium stellatum ssp. eremicum desert bedstraw V 1 5000 272 Rubia Galium triflorum sweet-scented bedstraw V 2 5200 273 Rubia Galium wrightii Wright's bedstraw 1 40 10 7000 274 Rubia Kelloggia galioides breakfast bedstraw V 1 8450 275 Rutac Ptelea trifoliata ssp. pallida var. pallida pallid hoptree 50 5 10 10 8150 276 Rutac Thamnosma montana turpentine broom V 5 5900 277 Salic Populus fremontii V 3 5200 278 Salic Salix exigua narrowleaf willow V 2 5000 279 Salic Salix laevigata red willow V 1 4025 280 Santa Comandra umbellata ssp. pallida V 1 8100 281 Sauru Anemopsis californica yerba mansa 3760 282 Saxif Heuchera parvifolia 2 2 8600 283 Saxif Heuchera rubescens var. versicolor coral bells 4 1 4 8300 284 Scrop Castilleja applegatei ssp. martinii Martin's paintbrush 3 5 2 7800 285 Scrop Cordylanthus parviflorus purple bird's-beak 20 7400 286 Scrop Maurandella antirrhiniflora V 4 4500 287 Scrop Mimulus guttatus common monkeyflower V 1 5200 288 Scrop Mimulus rubellus little redstem monkeyflower V 1 4800 289 Scrop Penstemon barbatus beardtongue 10 10 1 8500 290 Scrop Penstemon eatonii ssp. undosus Eaton's penstemon 20 30 7800 291 Scrop Penstemon linarioides toadflax penstemon V 20 1 9000 292 Scrop Penstemon pachyphyllus var. congestus thickleaf beardtongue 10 7000 293 Scrop Penstemon palmeri Palmer's penstemon 10 30 1 2 7000 294 Scrop Penstemon rostriflorus beaked penstemon V 10 30 1 7900 295 Scrop Penstemon utahensis Utah penstemon 20 V 2 5700 296 Scrop Verbascum thapsus *common mullein 2 7200 297 Solan Datura wrightii sacred datura 4200 298 Solan Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia V 1 5600 299 Solan Physalis crassifolia thick-leaved ground cherry V 1 7400 300 Solan Solanum elaeagnifolium *horse-nettle 3750 301 Solan Solanum triflorum three-flowered nightshade V 1 6200 302 Ulmac Celtis laevigata var. reticulata netleaf hackberry 1 4 5900 303 Urtic Parietaria hespera pellitory V 1 4800 304 Urtic Parietaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania pellitory V 2 4000 305 Verbe Aloysia wrightii oreganillo V 1 4500 306 Visca Arceuthobium divaricatum pinyon pine dwarf-mistletoe 1 25 20 7700 307 Visca Phoradendron juniperinum juniper mistletoe 1 1 7450 308 Vitac Parthenocissus vitacea Virginia creeper 1 3200 309 Vitac Vitis arizonica V 2 5200 310 Agava Agave utahensis var. kaibabensis Kaibab century plant 1 10 3 8200 311 Agava Yucca baccata banana yucca 10 2 10 7200 312 Agava Yucca elata soaptree yucca 1 5400 313 Cyper Carex curatorum V 1 8400 314 Cyper Cladium californicum saw-grass V 2 4180 315 Lilia Allium bisceptrum var. palmeri Aspen onion 5 8300 316 Lilia Calochortus ambiguus V 1 6000 317 Lilia Calochortus flexuosus winding mariposa V 1 1 7000 318 Poace Achnatherum aridum Mormon needlegrass 20 1 8100 319 Poace Achnatherum hymenoides Indian ricegrass 40 40 5 7900 320 Poace Achnatherum nelsonii ssp. dorei V 1 8500 321 Poace Achnatherum parishii Parish needlegrass 20 40 3 5000 322 Poace Achnatherum scribneri Scribner needlegrass V 3 5450 323 Poace Achnatherum scribneri X A. hymenoides hybrid Scribner needlegrass V 3 5200 324 Poace Achnatherum speciosum desert needlegrass V 1 1 5600 325 Poace Achnatherum X bloomeri 6800 326 Poace Aristida purpurea var. nealleyi blue threeawn V 1 1 4500 327 Poace Avena fatua *wild oats 8500 328 Poace Blepharoneuron tricholepis V 1 8500 329 Poace Bouteloua curtipendula side-oats grama 50 3 5500 330 Poace Bouteloua eriopoda black grama V 5 2 5500 331 Poace Bouteloua trifida red grama V 2 4000 332 Poace Bromus anomalus nodding brome 8000 333 Poace Bromus catharticus * V 2 6800 334 Poace Bromus diandrus *ripgut brome 30 1 6800 335 Poace Bromus inermis *smooth brome 50 99 1 8800 336 Poace Bromus rigidus * 6800 337 Poace Bromus rubens *red brome 10 1 30 2 6800 338 Poace Bromus sterilis *poverty brome V 1 7500 339 Poace Bromus tectorum *downy brome 99 99 99 8100 340 Poace Cynodon dactylon *Bermuda grass 5 V 2 3800 341 Poace Dasyochloa pulchella fluff grass V 1 1 5000 342 Poace Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum 7500 343 Poace Digitaria californica V 1 4100 344 Poace Elymus elymoides squirreltail 30 20 99 1 8200 345 Poace Elymus multisetus 7000 346 Poace Elymus trachycaulus slender wheatgrass 50 20 8500 347 Poace Enneapogon desvauxii nine-awned pappus grass V 1 5200 348 Poace Eragrostis cilianensis *stinkgrass V 1 4500 349 Poace Erioneuron pilosum hairy erioneuron 2 5500 350 Poace Hordeum jubatum *squirreltail barley V 1 8500 351 Poace Hordeum murinum *foxtail barley 99 99 6800 352 Poace Imperata brevifolia satintail V 2 4500 353 Poace Koeleria macrantha V 1 8500 354 Poace Leymus cinereus V 3 4200 355 Poace Leymus salinus ssp. mojavensis V 2 5670 356 Poace Muhlenbergia porteri Porter's muhly V 1 5500 357 Poace Pascopyrum smithii western wheatgrass 3 8450 358 Poace Phragmites australis common reed V 2 6400 359 Poace Pleuraphis jamesii James' galleta 1 20 1 5500 360 Poace Poa arida V 1 8100 361 Poace Poa bigelovii Bigelow's blue grass V 1 4500 362 Poace Poa fendleriana mutton grass 99 99 99 3 9000 363 Poace Polypogon monspeliensis *rabbits-foot grass V 1 4700 364 Poace Polypogon viridis * 5250 365 Poace Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium V 1 7000 366 Poace Sporobolus cryptandrus sand dropseed V 1 8000 367 Poace Sporobolus flexuosus mesa dropseed 5200 368 Poace Tridens muticus slim tridens V V 2 5500 369 Poace Vulpia octoflora six-weeks fescue V 1 6800
Acknowledgments We thank all the many people who went to the time and trouble to collect vouchers for this area, so that the species list here could be compiled. That species list from the vouchers was an immense help in getting species determinations from our surveys. We specifically thank Wendy Hodgson and Glenn Rink for their voucher collection efforts, and for their direct help in getting correct determinations for some of the species we observed.
We thank Lori Makarick, the Vegetation Program Manager at Grand Canyon National Park, for creating and maintaining a spreadsheet of all the species in Grand Canyon National Park. That spreadsheet was instrumental for this project.
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Copyright © 2012 by Tom Chester, Anne Kelly, Arnie Peterson, Ash Bedford, Dave Stith, Kate Watters, Lauren Berutich and Brendon Crill.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce any or all of this page as long as credit is given to us at this source:
http://tchester.org/gc/plants/flora/ba_sk_gv.html
Comments and feedback: Tom Chester
Last Update: 15 July 2012 (print versions added 1 September 2013)
